Invention of Standardized Money :: essays research papers

There were numerous purposes behind the development of normalized cash. Initially, no one needed to convey 30 pounds of grain to the exchange city that could have been 100 miles away. Second, it was hard to decide the genuine expense of various products. For instance, on the off chance that someone needed to purchase milk for his family, it would nearly be difficult to make sense of a reasonable trade for grain. At long last, the deal framework restricted the individuals who might exchange with one another. Not every person would need to buy milk or grain. In entirety, there were an excessive number of confusions and wasteful aspects in a deal economy. Individuals in old occasions built up the idea of cash around the year 2500 B.C. A few students of history contend that it might have been much before. The primary type of ?cash? was silver in Mesopotamia. Silver worked simply like the cash we use today. It had a norm, it was said something shekels with the goal that one could decide the estimation of the silver according to its weight. Today, the manner in which we decide the estimation of our cash is by taking a gander at the number toward the sides of a bill. Like our cash today, silver was effectively versatile contrasted with merchandise like milk and grain. The defects with the early silver cash framework were obvious. Someone could without much of a stretch take another composite metal and tell the dealer that it was silver. At the end of the day, forging was moderately simple. Thus, a dealer would need know individual that was offering their silver so as to forestall misrepresentation. There were different norms of cash in better places. There were distinctive dirt tokens. Individuals who were not as well off as the individuals who paid in silver paid in less significant metals like copper, tin, and lead, yet for the most part grain. Inevitably, shippers thought of a thought. On the off chance that the vast majority of their clients paid in a specific money, at that point they would in this manner take just that particular cash. This thought began to gradually slaughter off different monetary forms. By executing off monetary forms they were making silver the command cash. Innovation of Standardized Money :: papers research papers There were numerous explanations behind the innovation of normalized cash. In the first place, no one needed to convey 30 pounds of grain to the exchange city that could have been 100 miles away. Second, it was hard to decide the genuine expense of various products. For instance, on the off chance that someone needed to purchase milk for his family, it would nearly be difficult to make sense of a reasonable trade for grain. At last, the deal framework restricted the individuals who might exchange with one another. Not every person would need to buy milk or grain. In aggregate, there were an excessive number of confusions and wasteful aspects in a deal economy. Individuals in antiquated occasions built up the idea of cash around the year 2500 B.C. A few students of history contend that it might have been much before. The principal type of ?cash? was silver in Mesopotamia. Silver worked simply like the cash we use today. It had a norm, it was said something shekels with the goal that one could decide the estimation of the silver comparable to its weight. Today, the manner in which we decide the estimation of our cash is by taking a gander at the number toward the edges of a bill. Like our cash today, silver was effectively compact contrasted with merchandise like milk and grain. The defects with the early silver cash framework were apparent. Someone could without much of a stretch take another combination metal and tell the dealer that it was silver. As it were, forging was generally simple. Therefore, a trader would need know individual that was offering their silver so as to forestall misrepresentation. There were different gauges of cash in better places. There were distinctive dirt tokens. Individuals who were not as affluent as the individuals who paid in silver paid in less significant metals like copper, tin, and lead, however for the most part grain. In the long run, shippers thought of a thought. On the off chance that the greater part of their clients paid in a specific money, at that point they would thusly take just that particular cash. This thought began to gradually execute off different monetary forms. By executing off monetary forms they were making silver the rule money.

Interpersonal Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Relational Styles - Essay Example She needed to get up promptly toward the beginning of the day to settle the individual exercises. She had make nourishment for the children, prepared them and leave them to class. In the wake of settling with the kids, she needed to mastermind to join the work. As a railroad accounts assistant, she has different delicate duties to keep up the records capably and precisely. She needs to keep outrageous good judgment and sharp reasoning capacity, which are basic to convey serious work execution. The best possible upkeep and refreshing of bookkeeping records are a lot of fundamental for building upper hand and for the beneficial development of the association. Linda leisure activities are to peruse different sorts of food making books. She likewise read those books since she is attached to cooking. In spare time, she used to watch parody and unscripted TV dramas for restoring from pressure and amusement. She had two Kids named Lina and Tom who are attached to watching animation appears, which acquires them with satisfaction and bliss in their life. Linda use to be formal in wear with outfits and shoes in proficient spot though at home and other get-togethers she puts on easygoing appearance with pants, shirts and boots. Children have variety in dresses corresponding to class and different spots. In school, Tom used to be dressed with yellow T-shirts and white jeans while Lina puts on gowns. Linda and her two children Lina and Tom have indicated changed contrasts in their relational styles. Three of the people as human instinct differ as per the mental impacts that emerge in their life. Lina shows confident relational style when her mom doesn't call her to go to class. She used to appreciate and play with her companions the entire day. Her mom brings different toys to play and satire books for perusing for the youngsters. On the other hand, shows forceful relational styles when one of the above necessities are not satisfied.

What Is the Libido in Psychology

What Is the Libido in Psychology Theories Behavioral Psychology Print The Psychological Definition of Libido By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on September 24, 2019 Cavan Images / Iconica / Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Freudian View Fixation Repression Modern View Increasing Libido View All Back To Top Libido  is a term used by in psychoanalytic theory to describe the energy created by the survival and sexual instincts.?? According to Sigmund Freud, the libido is part of the  id  and is the driving force of all behavior. While the term libido has taken on an overtly sexual meaning in todays world, to Freud it represented all psychic energy and not just sexual energy.?? Freudian Views of the Libido Freud believed that the id was the only part of personality present from birth. The id, he suggested, was a reservoir of unconscious, primal energy.?? The id seeks pleasure and demands the immediate satisfaction of its desires. It is the id that serves as the source of our wants and impulses.?? The Libido and the Id How does the libido function in the id? The id is controlled by what Freud termed the  pleasure principle. Essentially, the id directs all of the bodys actions and processes to achieve the greatest amount of pleasure possible.?? Because the id is almost entirely unconscious, people are not even aware of many of these urges. The id demands immediate gratification of even our most basic urges. If the id had its way, you would take what you want, when you want, no matter the situation.?? Obviously, this would cause some serious problems. Our wants and desires are not always appropriate, and acting on them could have serious repercussions. The Influence of the Ego So what stops people from simply acting upon their most basic instincts and desires? The  ego  is the part of personality charged with harnessing the ids libidinal energy and making sure that these urges are expressed in acceptable ways.?? The ego is governed by the  reality principle, which is focused on helping the person achieve their goals in ways that are realistic and acceptable.?? So while the libidinal desires of the id might tell you to grab that donut off of the store shelf and start eating it immediately, the ego reigns in this impulse. Instead, you take the socially acceptable actions of placing the donuts in your cart, paying for them at the register, and taking them home before you finally give in to your urge to eat the tasty treat. The Role of the Superego Adding a further complication to this process is the superego. The ego also must mediate between the basic demands created by the libido as well as the idealistic standards imposed by the  superego. The superego is the part of personality that involves the ideals and morals internalized from parents, authority figures and society.?? Where the id pushes the ego to maximize pleasure, the superego pushes it to behave morally. The Role of the Id, Ego, and Superego The Libido and Fixation The way in which libido is expressed depends upon the stage of development a person is in. According to Freud, children develop through a series of  psychosexual stages. At each stage, the libido is focused on a specific area. When handled successfully, the child moves to the next stage of development and eventually grows into a healthy, successful adult.??   In some cases, the focus on a persons libidinal energy may remain fixed at an earlier stage of development in what Freud referred to as  fixation.?? When this happens, the libidos energy may be too tied to this developmental stage and the person will remain stuck in this stage until the conflict is resolved. For example, the first stage of Freud s theory of psychosexual development is the  oral stage. During this time, a childs libido is centered on the mouth so activities such as eating, sucking, and drinking are important. If an oral fixation occurs, an adults libidinal energy will remain focused on this stage, which might result in problems such as nail-biting, drinking, smoking, and other habits.?? The Libidos Energy Is Limited Freud also believed that each individual only had so much libido energy. Because the amount of energy available is limited, he suggested that different mental processes compete for what is available.?? For example, Freud suggested that the act of  repression, or keeping memories out of conscious awareness, requires a tremendous amount of psychic energy. Any mental process that requires so much energy to maintain has an effect on the minds ability to function normally.?? The goal of psychoanalysis, Freud believed, was to bring the unconscious libidinal urges into conscious awareness. In doing so, such urges could be dealt with consciously without over-relying on the egos defense mechanisms. How Does Psychoanalytic Therapy Work? Modern Views of the Libido Beyond its Freudian origins, the term libido is most often used today in reference to a persons sex drive. The libido involves more than simply the biological desire for sex, but also the psychological and social factors that contribute to sexual activity.?? The modern usage of the term libido likely stems from Freuds original use of the term to apply to sexual desire. As Freud continued to develop his ideas, however, he began to view the libido as more than just sexual urges and more of a general life instinct that encompasses survival instincts and other motivations as well. Some factors that can influence the libido or sex drive:?? Sex hormones, including testosterone and estrogen, create the biological urge for sex and help regulate the libido.Psychological factors that can influence the libido include stress, personality, age, relationship status, lifestyle, and past experiences can also affect a persons desire for intimacy and sex. For example, sexual abuse and trauma can impact libido. Other issues such as body image, self-esteem, and depression can make people desire sex less.Social issues including loneliness, poor relationships, and intimacy issues can also dampen the libido.Medical and health conditions can also influence a persons desire for sex. Medical conditions such as illness, fatigue, and medications can often lower the libido. Sexual disorders including hypoactive sexual drive disorder and female sexual arousal disorder can also lead to lowered libidinal drive. Boost Your Libido Low libido is a common problem.?? Research suggests that 15 percent of men and nearly 32 percent of women experience low sexual desire. However, research has also found that a number of lifestyle changes can help boost libido.?? Talk to your doctor. Hormonal changes related to birth control can often result in low libido. Discuss your options with your physician. In some cases, switching to a different birth control pill or method may help. Other medications may also affect your sex drive, so checking your other meds may also be helpful. Check your stress levels. Excessive stress can impair your libido, so finding ways to relax and cope with stress effectively can improve sex and intimacy. Exercise. Physical exercise has many positive benefits, including improving the sex drive.?? One study found that brief periods of exercise improve physical sexual arousal in women who were taking antidepressants. A Word From Verywell The concept of the libido continues to play an important role in psychoanalysis, but the term has taken on a somewhat different meaning in its modern usage. Today, when we talk about the libido, we likely refer to the general idea of the desire for sex. A number of factors can play a role in the libido beyond biological influences, including psychological and social factors. If you are concerned about your libido, consider talking to your doctor or mental health professional. How Stress Can Contribute to Low Libido

HRM Summative Assignment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2133 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Level High school Did you like this example? HRM Summative Assignment For the purpose of the question this assignment will look specifically at training and development (TD) and its relevance to the professional service firm KPMG. Training and development are part of the Human Resource development (HRD) process. HRD is a process for developing and unleashing human expertise through organisational development and personnel training and development for the purpose of improving performance (Swanson, 1995)[1]. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "HRM Summative Assignment" essay for you Create order More specifically, Training is the procedure by which the skills, aptitudes and abilities of employees to carry out particular jobs are imparted (Jucius, 1975)[2].   The process is fundamentally one of learning in which employees can increase the effectiveness of their performance in the workplace, therefore increasing the chances of a company to reach their objectives at the most cost effective way possible. Development refers to the prospects of learning that are intended in order to help the employee grow. It does not necessarily relate to skill-orientated activities as the development processes can provide new attitudes and general knowledge. KPMG is a successful network of globally professionalcompanies offering Tax, Advisory and Auditing services, in taking revenue of $22.7 billion in 2008. They have 135,000 professionals working in 146 countries worldwide, in order to deliver value to the customer. KPMG work in a competitive environment, being one of the four strong accounting firms (See Appendix 1[3]) they have to constantly strive to improve with executive vice chair Jack Taylor stating that everything we have is based on starting with the core philosophy on building knowledge by building a training and development program that is the best of the big four[4]. According to the website Sustaining and enhancing the quality of this professional workforce is KPMGs primary objective. Wherever we operate we want our firms to be no less than the professional employers of choice[5] . With this objective and a competitive environment with the need to differentiate, it is clear that training and development is vital for the success of the company as their reputation is built upon a good standard of service which requires a good local knowledge, sufficient insight into certain industries and also high professional capabilities. The recent global recession has been a critical period for KPMG as they are highly involved in servicing the financial sector , which was especially affected by the crisis. They will have had to fulfil their services to their clients in order for them to get through the difficult financial period. For a company such as KPMG this means increased workload and pressure on them to respond rapidly and react suitably to keep up the loyalty from clients. However, KPMG have a flexile and adaptable training strategy with their managers and training department integrating together, within the short space of a few days being able to create a resolution by providing a programme for employees to learn. With specific reference to the recession, this contained tactics to deal with the financial situation and develop their understanding of the regulatory, technical and industry standards in order to efficiently deal with their clients. Looking at the Leitch Review (2006) it has become apparent that training and development needs to be considered at a strategic level. According to McCracken and Wallace (2000) a strategy driven approach contains nine characteristics (See Appendix 2)[6]. KPMG provide training and development through a strategy-driven approach in which they incorporate technical expertise in each of the services they provide: auditing, advisory and tax methods and education is provided into global business ethics and the development of leadership. This is all included in their business model which is all about creating knowledge within their employees. Appendix 2 (Fombrun et al., 1984) shows how training and development fits in with a strategic HRM approach[7]. It is apparent that their training and development is continuous in order to reach a good level of performance, with the learning for their employees being never-ending. Due to the variation of different information incoming to the business it is vital that training and development occurs on a daily or weekly basis rather than yearly. KPMGs efficient ways of focusing relentlessly on gathering and analysing data for every aspec t of their business ensures that their TD is inline with the companies overall business strategy therefore allowing this frequent training to be more focused and efficient. According to BusinessWeek in 2009, after a three part survey, with training making up the third part, KPMG was deemed as the 4th best company in the world to launch a career at[8][9]. Looking at an interview of Eric (See Appendix 3)[10], a senior manager at KPMG, it is clear that the attractions of joining the firm are mainly down to their practical training and development programs. Many graduates launch their careers at KPMG. From the minute they join they are supported through various training and development schemes. It is intimidating joining a large firm, but from the beginning KPMG make graduates feel integrated and constantly make sure their knowledge is being developed. This is done through a specifically designed support network which includes mentoring with a recently qualified trainee. Mentoring ca n be one of the most powerful development approaches available to individuals and organisations (Clutterbuck, 1998)[11]. It is a developmental relationship between two individuals, the mentor and a protà ©gà ©. In which the mentor provides a variety of career-related and psycho-social functions for the protà ©gà © (Kram, 1985)[12]. Its benefits include enhancing learning outcomes and organisational commitment (Lankau Scandura, 2002; Donaldson, Ensher et al., 2000). Also in this support network the new employees receive coaching. Coaching aims to enhance the performance and learning ability of others.   It involves providing feedback, but it also uses other techniques such as motivation, effective questioning and consciously matching your management style to the employees readiness to undertake a particular task.   It is based on helping the employee to help her/himself through dynamic interaction, not relying on a one-way glow of telling and instructing (Landsb erg, 1997)[13]. This is done by a performance manager who takes full responsibility in the development of employees by setting objectives, monitoring performance and helping the employee learn from problems. A counselling partner is also assigned in order to guarantee that employees are developing to their full potential by monitoring their progress in the long-term. This links with the 7th characteristic of McCracken and Wallaces (2000) strategy driven approach to TD that trainers do not only have an expanded role, including facilitation and acting as organizational change consultants, but also lead as well as facilitate change. It is clear that training and development within the company is not only important for making employees more knowledgeable but is also for attracting the best new employees from around the globe because of the high reputation of their TD system. KPMG dont only concentrate their TD on new employees at the business. They make employees at all levels learn and understand the strategic goals of the company and the role they are going to play in achieve these for KPMG.   The company have a program called the Chairmans 25, where every so often, 25 highly performing employees are chosen to undertake the program. This helps these employees to further develop their knowledge through a multifaceted leadership development approach eventually taking on key senior roles in the firm To conclude, training and development increases productivity but comes at a cost. It needs to take into account the organisations objectives and strategy and identify the skills and competencies required now and in the future. The key challenges faced by training and development include achieving strategic integration, building a learning culture, promoting workplace learning, and developing managerial and leadership capability. For KPMG, the benefits they receive from their TD clearly outweigh the costs, with a clear causal link between their TD and the in creasing performance of the organisation. They have created one of the strongest learning and development schemes on a global level. This can be seen by their training methods that are directly intended at creating a top class service to their clients, through their blend of coaching and mentoring, technical training, skill building programs and industry insights, the have been furthered to Number 2 on the global Training Top 125 list. Joining KPMG at any level is beneficial because of their TD programs occur at all levels and the opportunities are endless for their employees, from graduates to more senior members. Bibliography Books Swanson, R. (1995) Human resource development: performance is the key Human Resource Development Quarterly   vol 7 (3), 203-207 Harrison, R. Kessels, J. (2004) Human Resource Development in a Knowledge Economy Hampshire: Palgrave. Jucius, M. Personnel Management, Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1975, pg 225. McCracken, M. and Wallace, M. (2000) Towards a redefinition of strategic HRD. Journal of European Industrial Training pg 281-90 Fombrun, C. Tichy, N. Devanna, M. (1984) Strategic Human Resource Management New York: Wiley Group Esc Toulouse (2002) Conference on life long learning for a knowledge based society.   France: Toulouse Business School Clutterbuck, D. (1998), Learning Alliances: tapping into talent, London: Institute of Personnel Development. Kram, K.E., Isabella, L.A. (1985). Mentoring Alternatives: The role of peer relationships in career development. Academy of Management Journal, 28(1), 110-132. Landsberg, M, (1997) Tao of Coaching: Boost Your Effectiveness at Work by Inspiring and Developing Those Around You, Websites https://www.kpmg.com/Global/en/JoinUs/WhyKPMG/Learning-and-development/Pages/Default.aspx https://www.corporatetraining.ie/training-case-study-kpmg.html https://www.kpmgcareers.com/whoweare/training.pdf https://bwnt.businessweek.com/interactive_reports/career_launch_2009/ https://www.kpmg.com/GLOBAL/EN/JOINUS/PEOPLECULTURE/PEOPLE-PROFILES/Pages/Profile4.aspx https://www.trainingmag.com/msg/content_display/publications/e3id4a71ae8a1475303ec84ba8f87139b3f https://bwnt.businessweek.com/interactive_reports/career_launch_2009/ Appendices Appendix 1 4 Big accounting firms comparison. Firm Revenues Employees Fiscal Year PWC $26.2n 163,000 2009 Deloitte $26.1bn 169,000 2009 Ernst Young $21.4bn 144,144 2009 KPMG $20.11BN 135,000 2009 Appendix 2 -HRD as part of a strategic HRM approach Appendix 3 9 characteristics of strategic HR approach HRD shapes the organisations mission and goals as well as having a role in strategy implementation Top management are leaders rather than supporters us of HRD. Senior management (not just HRD professionals) are involved in environmental scanning in relation to HRD HRD strategies, policies and plans are developed, which relate to both present and the future direction of the organisation and the top management team is involved in this Line manages our not only committed and involved in HRD but involved as strategic partners There is strategic integration with other aspects of HRM Trainers not only have an expanded role, including facilitation and acting as organizational change consultants, but also lead as well as facilitate change HRD professionals have a role in influencing the organisational culture There is an emphasis on future oriented cost effectiveness and results in terms of evaluation of HRD activity. Appendix 4 Interview with senior manager Eric off KPMG site What attracted you to KPMG? I joined as a graduate. Among what were the Big Six organizations at that time, I chose KPMG because of the friendly environment, well-structured and practical training and development programs, and the member firms strong client base. How have professional qualifications, training, mentoring or coaching helped your career? The training I received has helped me to get the required professional qualifications quickly and to acquire both the hard and soft skills needed for my daily work. The mentoring and coaching I received has given me practical guidance on work matters. Thus, I always encourage my team and myself to spend more time on training, mentoring and coaching junior staff, so that each member within the team and the team as a whole can grow faster. I have found the training provided at KPMG in China is varied and very high quality. For graduates this includes the exam assist ance program, followed by technical Audit training (what we called hard skills), but also management and communication skills (what we call soft skills). [1] Swanson, R. (1995) Human resource development: performance is the key Human Resource Development Quarterly vol 7 (3), 203-207 [2] Jucius, M. Personnel Management, Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1975, pg 225. [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Four_auditors [4] https://www.kpmgcareers.com/whoweare/training.pdf, pg 2 [5] https://www.kpmg.com/Global/en/WhoWeAre/About/Pages/default.aspx [6] McCracken, M. and Wallace, M. (2000) Towards a redefinition of strategic HRD. Journal of European Industrial Training pg 281-90 [7] Fombrun, C. Tichy, N. Devanna, M. (1984) Strategic Human Resource Management New York: Wiley Group Esc Toulouse (2002) Conference on life long learning for a knowledge based society.   France: Toulouse Business School [8] [9] https://bwnt.businessweek.com/interactive_reports/career _launch_2009/ [10] https://www.kpmg.com/GLOBAL/EN/JOINUS/PEOPLECULTURE/PEOPLE-PROFILES/Pages/Profile4.aspx [11] Clutterbuck, D. (1998), Learning Alliances: tapping into talent, London: Institute of Personnel Development. [12] Kram, K.E., Isabella, L.A. (1985). Mentoring Alternatives: The role of peer relationships in career development. Academy of Management Journal, 28(1), 110-132. [13]   Landsberg, M, Tao of Coaching: Boost Your Effectiveness at Work by Inspiring and Developing Those Around You, 1997

Vygotsky s Socio Cultural Theory - 867 Words

The Early Years Learning Framework describes play as a â€Å"context for learning† in which children make sense of their world (DEEWR, 2009, p.9). Play is essential for learning and development as it provides opportunities for children to express themselves creatively, construct new understandings, and develop relationships (Undiyaundeye, 2013). Play supports the student’s developmental domains such as; social, language, and creativity, cognitive, emotional and physical development. The National Quality Framework acknowledges the educator’s role as facilitator, in which they respond to student’s ideas, play and use intentional teaching to extend and scaffold each student learning (ACECQA, 2013, p. 40). Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory describes learning as a social activity, in which the child’s social and cognitive understanding is constructed through social interaction (Duchesne et al., 2013; Arthur et al., 2015). He believes that play occ urs in a socio-cultural context and provides ‘Zone of Proximal’ development for a student in which they can behave beyond their age and act in ways that are not typical of their daily behavior. The educator at pre-primary structured the classroom to support and encourage interaction, for instance, the home corner, which consisted of multiple dining chairs and a range of resources for dramatic play. The pre-primary teacher took on the role as onlooker and mediator during the children’s play, interrupting their play to manage behavior issues,Show MoreRelatedSocio-cultural Assessment1369 Words   |  5 PagesSocio-cultural assessment is realising and understanding the way a child responds to challenges and change. Their responses and perceptions are based on the world in which they live. Their understanding of the world comes from the values and beliefs of the adults, community, socio-economic status, education and culture that surround them. (Mooney, 2000). When making an assessment on an individual child it is necessary to consider the background and culture in which they exist. Berger (2005), statesRead MoreEssay on Lev Vygotsky and Social Development Theory1038 Words   |  5 PagesExplain Lev Vygotsky(1896-1934) was a Russian psychologist who created the Social Development Theory/ Sociocultural Theory. Vygotsky believed that childrens mental, language, and social development is supported and enhanced through social interaction. Vygotsky also believed that beginning at birth, children seek out adults for social interactions and that development occurs through these interactions. 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How the stimulus material was developed through the drama process Free Essays

To begin our performances, and even before the groups had been finalised the class received two pieces from the teacher. The first was the general notion of ‘Time passing’ and the second was part of a poem: ‘Gather ye rosebuds while ye may Old time is still a-flying; And the same flower that smiles today Tomorrow will be dying.’ – Robert Herrick We began a short scene based on the stimuli of the poem. We will write a custom essay sample on How the stimulus material was developed through the drama process or any similar topic only for you Order Now We set up ‘mirror image’ scenes. On each side of the scene there was a female, a male (who began off stage) along with an additional character that would try and approach the woman. In one scene the man decided to meet the woman and they went off happily†¦however the man on the other side waited too long and the additional character went on with the female. He did not take the opportunity and lost the woman. The second half of the lesson was spent discussing ideas for a Devised Drama piece. We, as a smaller group, were given the stimulus of an article entitled ‘How to build a time machine’. This evoked serious discussion and developed onto ideas similar to films such as ‘The Butterfly Effect’ and ‘Groundhog Day’ along with films such as ‘Final Destination’ – from which we could take similar ideas. However, in later sessions we soured on ideas taken from this, but did decided to include reliving situations or death. A group member provided the next piece of stimulus. It was a song by The Streets called â€Å"The Irony of it All†, in which there are two ‘characters’ a young alcohol drinker and a cannabis smoker. The song portrays the alcohol drinker as ‘yobbish’ and destructive – slurring his words and not being able to come up with a competent argument besides repeating himself several times. The cannabis smoker was shown as being calm, level headed and smarter than the alcohol drinker. This brought up the argument ‘Are drugs better than alcohol?’ It must be realised that there are good and bad points to everything and the group was eager that we show both sides of the argument with possibly a middle ground of ‘Either being good in moderation.’ The first scene created was based on this song. It was the after-effects of the night before. Set on a communal living space on a University campus, there was a couch, two chairs with a table and space to work on the floor. A drunken character, played by Jack, was ‘crashed out’ on the couch and two other characters, played by Saimon and Luke, were at the table smoking cannabis. Two other characters entered together from one side of the stage and began teasing ‘Jack’ for what had happened the night before. Another character, a class A drug addict, played by Kate entered and sat at the floor beginning to work. She complained to the others about the noise†¦however they ignored her and she stormed out. The scene ended when ‘Alice’ and ‘I’ headed out to the lectures leaving the others to recuperate from their actions. The purpose of the scene was to compare the effects of each drug, and began the idea of separate ‘groups’ for each drug. The second part of the scene was layered over the action of ‘Jack’, ‘Saimon’ and ‘Luke’. In this scene ‘Katie’ began an internal monologue. In which she detailed the shortcomings of each person and the shortcomings of herself. As the play developed these scenes, these scenes were cut. However they were not cut completely, only transformed into similar scenes. The first scene was changed to the ‘Saturday Night’ scene, with the comparison of Cannabis and Alcohol – showing two groups of people separately doing stereotypical ‘Saturday Night’ things, and confronting each other. The scene was intended to show the positives of marijuana as opposed to the negatives of alcohol. The second part of the scene formed the basis of what is now the ‘Green Acres’ scene, revealing the short falls of each character, as they stand to their feet and admit to the ‘group’ (i.e. The audience) what they have done, why, and what they are going to do about it. The final piece of stimulus was the photo of Rachel Whitear, a heroin addict who was found kneeling in her room, clutching the needle in one hand. A photograph was taken of her in this position, and her parents decided to teach children about the effects of drugs by offering to show this picture and videos about Rachel to school children throughout the country. The image is very haunting and powerful, and we decided that we would display the picture in our heroin overdose scene. Originally the plan was for the character, played by Kate, to emulate the ‘pose’ on the stage, whilst the picture of Rachel was projected on the white wall of the drama studio. However we felt that the use of a projector would seem out of place in a play that purposefully lacks props, set design and only uses a small amount of lighting. We also decided that this would require us to use the projector throughout the performance and we would run the risk of the technology failing. How to cite How the stimulus material was developed through the drama process, Essays

Student Uniforms Essays - Uniforms, Childrens Clothing,

Student Uniforms Student Uniforms Students are always complaining about the dress codes at their school, and totally rejecting the idea of school uniforms, but I feel there are many benefits to this proposal. These days everyone is so concerned about being attractive and popular that they forget the real reason for going to school. The increase in academic performance and school spirit, along with the decrease in violence, is more important than looking cool for your friends. South Carolina school systems have the lowest test scores in the nation. Our students are not daft; they just do not consider schoolwork a top priority. With uniforms for every student, there would be less focus on fashion and more emphasis on education. Our report cards would be posted on the refrigerators for everyone to see, rather than stuffing them in the bottom of our backpacks. The students would be rewarded for their efforts, therefore their self esteem would also rise. Teen violence has reached its peak in our schools. Last year, numerous killings took place at schools around the country, largely due to taunting amongst the students. Uniforms would prohibit the wearing of chains, large pockets for hiding weapons, and gang colors worn to incite fights. Less students would be teased for their attire, and sexual harassment caused by provocative clothing would come to an end. Our schools would provide a more secure environment in which we all could learn. School spirit in South Carolina is extremely lacking, and it shows. Our athletic teams have very limited support, and it affects their performance greatly. A student could be missing on a field trip, and they would not be located for hours because they simply "blended" with the crowds from other schools. If we were obligated to wear uniforms, we would be more recognizable in public surroundings, and our sense of school pride would blossom. To quote Henry David Thoreau, "take the earth at your feet, and paint your house that color." School spirit should shine eminently in all students' lives; not fizzle out like a dampened fuse. Many students argue about the restrictions on their personal freedom. They do not realize that they could still select their own trendy accessories, and they can wear whatever they desire at home and on the weekends. I feel also, that with a standardized dress code, individual personalities would shine, and not be hidden behind the latest fashion. Parents are constantly advising their children that if everyone appeared the same on the outside, people would begin to recognize others for what is on the inside. We are encouraged to change the standards and be individuals. We should all stand out in what we achieve, and what we believe; not in what we wear.

Social and Psychological Aspects of Drug Abuse Essays

Social and Psychological Aspects of Drug Abuse Essays Social and Psychological Aspects of Drug Abuse Essay Social and Psychological Aspects of Drug Abuse Essay Our society lived in a time where economic development, scientific and technological advancement dominates the different social sectors resulting to a paradigm shift of family concepts, health related issues, social menace, and deterioration of the basic unit of society- the family. The opening of borders for free trade and scientific and technological advancements’ exploitation of family foundations’ erosion are the factors that affect the rise of drug abuse. The Drug Abuse’s two fold aspects: sociological and psychological. Family’s stabilitybasic unit of society, environment and expectations are values important to children- as they shape attitudes, values and their behaviors in their relationship to their peers and to society as stressors. If families fail to shape these values; children will be influenced by his peers or society that led to alcohol or drug abuse. In 1977, The National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) revealed that several studies showed abnormal EEG’s results as well as psychological tests among drug users suggesting a poor memory and concentration, underdeveloped motor skills and disorientation. Also, in Press Done (1967 in NIDA’s Research Monograph 15, 1977) a third of their subjects who are drug users had the propensity to commit a crime because of serious judgment deficit they posses at the time and at the same time the misperception on what is real. Finally, the government should use its resources in helping those citizens who are already hooked to drug use by providing funds for rehabilitation and re-introduction of these people in the mainstream of society. Our society lived in a time where economic development, scientific advancement and technological superiority dominates its different sectors resulting to paradigm shift of family concepts, health related issues, social menace, and deterioration of its basic unit- the family. New development and new technologies bombards family in greater degree that its basic foundations are already eroded before it can respond. The opening of borders for free trade and scientific and technological advancements’ exploitation as well as the family foundations’ erosion is affecting the rise of drug abuse in our midst. The growing numbers of drug users if left unchecked may bring many governmental problems relating to health and sociological stability, a hindrance for having a vibrant and strong economy. Government cannot just simply ignore its effects while it erodes its socio-economic fundamentals as well as its decay if its people which is all important for having a stable state is ignored. Marsha Lillie-Blanton (1998) in a report for US Congress defined drug abuse as â€Å"the level of pattern of drug consumption and the severity and persistence of resulting functional problems.† It is when a person commits legal or an even interpersonal infraction in society, that a person is tested for drug use. Lillie-Blanton’s (1998) report states that scientific community are in agreement regarding the chemical as well as physical changes in brain as a result of drug abuse and at the same time identifying the scope of addiction’s physiological make-up including substantial behavioral and psychological aspects. Drug Abuse’s Sociological and Psychological Aspect Drug Abuse has two fold aspects: sociological and psychological. These two aspects interplay with each other affecting society in a wide range as well as changing lives across sociological spectrum. Sociology is the study of society and human social behavior while psychology is the study of mental process and behavior. By knowing these two aspects, we will be able to respond appropriately to its ill effects and at the same time institute corrective measures within and outside government and improve family relations as well as its foundations. Sociology. A fast sociological change that affects society we had is a great challenge to the influence and a stable family. As a source of strength, support and nurturance, the family owed its continued generational stability for community and culture. In a paper written by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme (UNDCP) entitled â€Å"The Social Impact of Drug Abuse† for the World Summit for Social Development, which was held at Copenhagen, Denmark in March 1995, gave four conceptual views of family and the understanding of these views will give us a society with a solid foundation in assessing the ill effects of drug abuse to society as a whole. The four family views are: 1) by protecting and sustaining its strong or weak members through stress or diseases while at the same time protecting its young and weak members; 2) tension, problems, and diseases found in the family strongly affect members influence of the   weaker members; 3) family as an institution that interact with social and community groups that includes peer groups, schools, fellow workers and bosses and religious groups; and 4) family as an â€Å"important point of intervention a natural organizational unit for transferring and building social and community values.† The socio-economic and technological fields’ rapid change resulted to the weakening of family values and foundations as an institution. Family stability, environment and expectations are values that important to children- for they shape attitudes, and behaviors in their relationship to their peers and the society as society stressors. If families fail to shape these values; children will be influenced by their peers or the society in that more often than not led to alcohol or drug abuse. In 1973, Kandel’s works states that peers influence the â€Å"use of marijuana than in any other activity or attitude.† This is the truth, for adult or youth’s peers greatly influence them compared to parents’ attitude; and this peer pressures influenced in greater degree drug abuse when parents abandoned their supervisory roles. As pointed out by UNDCP’s position paper, it is when parents â€Å"exercising traditional family roles [that they] may be able to limit the influence of peer groups on [their] childrens attitudes towards drug use and therefore have a crucial influence on childrens behaviour.† Traumatic divorce, autocratic type of discipline, communication gap, depressed family members, and parent use of drugs all led to an individual who will find solutions in the fold of illegal drugs or alcohol. Psychological. In 1977, The National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) revealed that several studies showed abnormal EEG’s results as well as psychological test, among drug users which suggests an impaired memory and concentration, poor motor skills and disorientation to those people who are under the grip of drug abuse. In UNDCP’s report, states that both alcohol and drug users exhibited psychiatric symptoms like depression. As to depth and extent of such depression, the said position paper failed to reveal; thus, just by thinking of it one will chill with the possibilities. It was also revealed that â€Å"dysfunctional drug or alcohol use† is an offshoot to an already present emotional illness; and more often than not clinical assessment will reveal   a dual diagnosis users, or the presence of more than two clinical conditions in an individual. Multiple problems in the family are also very common. Though addictive personality’s has no scientific bearing, its recognition is easy for â€Å"troubled persons-often exhibiting multiple symptoms-are easily recognized by expert and layman alike. Drug Abuse and Crime.   National Institute of Drug Abuse’s (NIDA) Research Monograph proffered evidence that shows the relationship between drug abuse and its victims with that of the commission of the crime for they show antisocial behaviors. In Cohen (1975 in NIDA’s Research Monograph 15, 1977) pointed out that these drug users had the diminished â€Å"behavioral capabilities long before motor activity is diminished. Also, in Press Done (1967 in NIDA’s Research Monograph 15, 1977) that a third of their subjects who are drug users had the propensity to commit a crime because of serious judgment deficit they posses at the time and at the same time a defect of perception on what is real. These above research findings are back up by Simon De Bruxelles’s report entitled â€Å"Out on the streets, drugs span the divide in a city of rich and poor† appearing on www.timesonline.co.uk. According to his report the Clifton’s suburbs had â€Å"8,000 ‘problematic’ addicts in Bristol and an estimated 25,000 other recreational and social users. Drugs affect every level of society in the city, from those whose cars are broken into to feed a habit to the people who find themselves living next to a crack house.† Conclusions The sociological and psychological aspect of drug abuse opened our eyes to the reality that this problem has deeper roots. These roots more often than not are not far but actually very near to us. Society through government should endeavor to build a strong and dynamic family foundation for it to be diminish if not totally eradicates the ill-effects of drug abuse. To fail in this challenge, the basic unit of society- the familywill have a poor foundation resulting to the rising criminal activities affecting peace and development of a country. Finally, the government should use its resources in helping those citizens who are already hooked to drug use by providing funds for rehabilitation and re-introduction of these people in the mainstream of society.

How Content Can Catch Fire With Amplification Process With Heidi Cohen

How Content Can Catch Fire With Amplification Process With Heidi Cohen Do you do whatever you can to get a prospect’s attention? Many marketers actually miss the mark when it comes to connecting their customers and content. Today, we’re talking to Heidi Cohen, chief content officer of Actionable Marketing Guide. She describes how you can build momentum to keep your content visible, consumable, and actionable. Also, Heidi shares a method to follow for your content’s amplification and distribution process. Difference between distribution and promotion of content Distribution Method: Ignite (up to first three days): Build a network and spark participants’ interest and willingness to engage with and share your content Fuel (first month): Plan, manage, and schedule social media marketing to keep content fresh and visible; utilize many mediums (i.e. video, audio) Spread (ongoing): Road test content to determine what works or doesn’t to attract new people; perform audit to update content and get conversions Less than 60% of digital traffic is human; build relationships and be creative to reach humans who will share your content Ways to create new or keep content going include visuals/images, guest posts, build authority, get people involved, take content live, and go to conferences Links: Heidi Cohen Subscribe to Heidi Cohen’s Newsletter Hootsuite Buffer Aaron Orendorff How To Avoid The Most Costly Mistake In Influencer Marketing With Shane Barker Andy Crestodina Steve Dotto The Secret 3 Steps For Content Amplification And Distribution Success 5 Basic Content Types Customers Need How We Increased the Readership of Buffer’s Blog to Over 1.5 Million Visits Yale Appliance Brian Dean The New York Public Library on Instagram How to Network at a Conference: 101 Tips From Marketing’s Best Content Marketing World Gini Dietrich Write a review on iTunes and send a screenshot of it to receive a care package! If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Heidi Cohen: â€Å"You don’t want to have your promotions look like wallpaper meaning that no one sees them.† â€Å"Optimization is key because it’s not just that one shot in the dark.† â€Å"You’ve got to make sure that everything you create has‘connected content’.† â€Å"Keeping that content going is way cheaper than creating it again.† Im a big proponent of testing and tracking to get those incremental 10% improvements.

Research Notetaking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research Notetaking - Assignment Example to more readily irrigate land in Mexican territory- in 1904 the company excavated a more direct opening at a site a few miles south of the California/Mexico border† (Wiltshire, Gilbert and Rogers 2) Jackson relates that the roots of the Hoover Dam project stretch deep into a long-term goal by the private sector to secure the irrigation of the Imperial Valley in the southern section of California. These efforts can be traced back to the 1900’s, when such irrigation aims became central to the existence of the Colorado Development Company. The successful early efforts resulted in a large tract of the Imperial Valley being nicely irrigated. There were problems however with canal siltation, even when the valley was being successfully irrigated, so that the firm had to redouble its efforts building another canal on top of the original canal that tapped the Colorado River and connected the valley to it (Wiltshire, Gilbert and Rogers 2). â€Å"Constructed in the 1930s, the concrete arch-gravity structure was intended to prevent flooding as well as provide much-needed irrigation and hydroelectric power to arid regions of states like California and Arizona. It was originally known as Boulder Dam, but was renamed in 1947 in honor of Herbert Hoover, who as U.S. secretary of commerce and the 31st U.S. president proved instrumental in getting the dam built. At 726 feet high and 1,244 feet long, Hoover Dam was one of the largest man-made structures in the world at the time of its construction, and one of the worlds largest producers of hydroelectric power† (A&E Television Networks). The History Channel notes that the Hoover Dam was originally named Boulder Dam, but that in 1947 the dam was renamed to honor the late President Edgar Hoover. Hoover was also US Commerce Secretary, and it was Hoover who was credited with having done a substantial part of the work to erect the iconic structure to the benefit of the people of states like Arizona and California. For those states,

Globalisation and Business Enterprise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Globalisation and Business Enterprise - Essay Example key players in New Zealand Biofuels Market: AECOM, AES, Ag Research, Anchor Ethanol Fonterra, Aquaflow Bionomic Corporation, Biodiesel New Zealand, Carbonscape, Cawthron Institute, Ecodiesel, Flo-Dry Engineering, GNS Science, IPL/Biofuel Testing New Zealand, Lanzatech and many more (Bioenergy Association of New Zealand, 2007). These companies have simple and basic idea and that is to help the environment by relying on the capability of technology to address issues concerning global climate change. These companies have considered innovating possibilities on how to come up with biofuels that are cost-effective, renewable and sustainable aside from their great contribution to minimise pollution and emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. However, there are various concerns in this area which are discussed in this paper. The production of biofuel as an alternative to fossil fuel is a remarkable issue to be investigated further. For instance, it is clear that companies that cont inuously produce biofuels have wonderful business opportunity amidst the climate change but they are also faced with other global economic and social concerns. Biofuel is known to affect the economy by indirectly creating impact to other sectors or industries. It is believed that there was an upward spiral increase for biofuel production in international trade and investment in the last few years, but it was linked to 2007 and 2008 global food crisis (Timilsina & Shrestha, 2010). Eventually, there was a problem on this idea in the first place knowing that the production of biofuel will need enough supply of food-based raw materials. Thus, non-food based materials are now widely explored for this concern. The New Zealand energy strategy and policy is a gateway to discover technology that could help the environment especially on the reduction of carbon emission and other greenhouse gases. For instance, there is a new study in New Zealand revealing the potential of growing algae to

The Definition Of The Concepts Of Time English Literature Essay

The Definition Of The Concepts Of Time English Literature Essay Transcending Temporality: Escaping the Shackles of Linear Time. The concept of time is one which eludes the standard dictionary definition that etymologists so simply thrust upon the more concrete words that compose the English language. Perhaps time defies the ability to be defined as a result of its ubiquitous nature humans find time to be so ordinary that it seems senseless to seek out a method with which to describe it. Perhaps it evades an explanation because society is so fixated on its passage rather than its existence. Or perhaps it cannot be defined because it is merely a figment of the human imagination a method of mental measurement to maintain sanity. Over the course of literatures development, many have strived to craft a novel that serves as an accurate portrayal of the human experience of time. As the modernist literary movement began, this concern shifted towards the forefront, and one author emerged who artfully fashioned a novel that moved beyond the simplicity of plot and instead delved into the depths of the human subconscious. Through her creation of To the Lighthouse, Virginia Woolf produces an avant-garde illustration of the way in which humans undergo the passage of time in order to criticize societys fascination and fixation with the future. Throughout her novel, Woolf collapses the steady progression of linear time and instead utilizes an interplay between the diachronic and synchronic dimensions of time to more accurately demonstrate the way in which humans truly experience times progression. In the late 1980s, a historian by the name of Dominick LaCapra revolutionized the way in which scholars view time. Essentially, The LaCaprian theory of time theorizes time to be a multidimensional phenomenon composed of a structure consisting of both a horizontal and a vertical plane. This horizontal plane is representative of what LaCapra calls diachronic time, or the passing and progression of both commonplace and significant events, while the vertical plane, which represents synchronic time, concerns itself with the passing of time when one fixates upon the minute details of any given event (LaCapra 138). Virginia Woolf, in To the Lighthouse, transcends the simplicity and monotony of diachronic time and interpolates passages th at are written from a synchronic perspective, thus increasing the complexity of her work and allowing her to break free from the constraints caused by a plot based solely on linear time. If Woolf were to write exclusively in the diachronic plane, her depiction of everyday life would not be nearly as profound as synchronic descriptions allow it to be (Gemmill 2). Her synchronic passages give her the ability to convey the details of seemingly simple events that hold deeper symbolic significance. However, it is Woolfs ability to seamlessly transition between diachronic and synchronic descriptions that causes her portrayal of time to be so truthful to the human experience in any given period, one event may seem to fly by quickly while one may notice every minute detail of another. This interchange is facilitated through a use of stream of consciousness narration. By utilizing a stream of consciousness format of narration, Woolf facilitates the ability to slow down the apparent progression of time in order to synchronically highlight the significance of certain moments or memories. As the modernist literary movement reached its peak, a narrative technique known as stream of consciousness became increasingly popular. Stream of consciousness narration allows for insight into the thoughts of a character, presenting them to the reader in the exact method in which an individual would process them. For example, the vivid image painted by Woolf as James is sitting on the floor cutting out pictures from the illustrated catalogue of the Army and Navy stores, endowed the picture of a refrigerator, as his mother [speaks] (Woolf 12) demonstrates James processing of all that is occurring around him, offering insight into his thoughts. While James actions in this moment seem unremarkable, stream of consciousness narration helps to focus on an infinitesimal moment in time and elaborate upon it, a technique which Woolf calls upon often. In essence, Woolf utilizes stream of consciousness narration to enhance the impact of synchronic moments by further lengthening the description of each portion of a moment, much in the way that a specific moment in the human experience can be drawn out by the mind. As Albert Einstein once said, When you sit with a nice girl for two hours, it seems like two minutes. When you sit on a hot stove for two minutes, it seems like two hours-thats relativity. Woolfs use of stream of consciousness allows her audience to experience the progression of time in the same manner as her characters-as they fixate on a moment, so does the audience. The significance of this effect and of Woolfs use of stream of consciousness lies in her choice of when to employ it-she delves into the synchronic dimension of seemingly insignificant moments, focusing on the colors and auras (Stewart 3) of everyday living. Through this method, Woolf captures an authentic recreation of the human experience, henceforth increasing the validity of her criticism of it. In stark contrast with her ability to extend a nanosecond on the synchronic plane, Woolfs use of brackets creates a harsh and unexpected severity and hastiness throughout the second portion of the novel that serves to illuminate societys desensitization to the significance of the moment. Throughout part two of the novel, Time Passes, the harsh typographical appearance of the parenthetical marks [used by Woolf] themselves (Gemmill 3) emphasizes the abrupt nature of Woolfs return to a diachronic description of a linear progression of events. Woolfs return to a dry, dull portrayal of events within these brackets signals a choice to return to linear time as she states that [Prue Ramsay died that summerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] ( Woolf 132) and [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Mr. Carmichael, who was reading Virgil, blew out his candleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] (Woolf 127) highlights a key syntactical pattern. It is evident that the events depicted within Woolfs brackets reflect simplicity within both their syntax and dict ion, causing them to be portrayed as commonplace even in cases when they are rather tragic. Each set of parentheses contains one or more brief, telegraphic sentences written with simplistic diction and a blatant lack of detail, understating the significance of the event contained within and signaling a shift to a more omniscient perspective (Sang 3). A shift from the personable, relatable stream of consciousness style to this newfound omniscience stems from Woolfs desire to highlight how desensitized society has become to events such as death. To focus upon the synchronic dimension of time is to be personal, dramatic, to embody the carpe diem ideals of seizing each moment. Hence, Woolfs regression to diachronic depictions signals a step away from this ideal, and mirrors modern societys lack of concern with the significance of the moment. While it may be argued that Woolfs use of juxtaposition in terms of color is the most essential tool in the conveyance of her views regarding socie ty (McCarthy 1), it is this ability to delve into and then fall away from a synchronic examination of time that truly buttresses her disdain for humanitys choices. By using a wholly diachronic approach towards the description of death, Woolf downplays its significance to suggest that an individuals priorities are better placed in a concern with life rather than its impending end. As Woolfs characters struggle with the understanding of lifes ephemerality, many of them grasp for some sense of permanence as they preoccupy themselves with the future and whether or not they will be remembered, paralleling that which Woolf believes is currently occurring in society. Mr. Ramsay fears that his work will be easily forgotten as a result of mortality and the brevity of human life, so he seeks out some sort of permanence in the intellectual sphere which he hopes will cause his memory to stand the test of time. His attempts to make a lasting philosophical contribution demonstrate Woolfs views regarding the human need for individuality and competitive success. Essentially, the alacrity of Mr. Ramsays frantic attempts at rising above the rest of society allows insight into Woolfs distaste with the need in todays society to focus on future personal accomplishment rather than happiness in the present. When Mrs. Ramsay dies, causing Mr. Ramsay to [lose] touch with the order of the physical world (Doyle 9), his attempts become scarcer, and his feelings of worthlessness reflect Woolfs view that humans base their sense of self-worth upon their permanence. This fixation with that which will come in the future is also visible in the character of Lily Briscoe. Lily dreads the fact that one day her paintings will be thrown into the attic and never again seen by the rest of society, leading to a fear of lifes ephemerality reminiscent of Mr. Ramsays. Whereas Ramsay searches for permanence in the intellectual world, Lily turns to her artwork for comfort. Her paintings act as methods of synchronically capturing events in diachronic time, exhibiting the dichotomy between the two dimensions of time and leading to insight as to Woolfs intent. Lilys paintings being forgotten parallels society forgetting the significance of that which has occurred and is occurring as a result of a preoccupation with the future and that which is to come. The colors included within Lilys paintings are ones which often are associated with cheerfulness or happiness (Stewart 2), symbolically indicating that Woolf believes humanity is forgetting the joy that is connected with living life. In addition, Woolf includes many aspects of her life into the novel, and it is often argued that Lily may be a representation of Woolf herself, signaling that Woolf has undergone an inner struggle similar to this one (Brivic 9). Woolfs personal connection to this issue may serve as an explanation as to why she wishes for her knowledge to take on a didactic tone regarding a carpe diem mentality. Finally, during the denouement of the novel, Lily Briscoe comes to terms with the fact that her life is ephemeral and that time will progress after she is gone, further demonstrating Woolfs views regarding societys obsession with permanence. Lilys ability to finally fulfill her artistic vision comes only after letting go of her need for permanence as she [lays] down [her] brush in extreme fatigue (Woolf 209) in the last line of the novel. This final portion of the novel is written in an extremely synchronic manner as Woolf painstakingly drags out every last moment of the plot, capturing the significance of each and every detail and underscoring the significance an instant of time can have. This is done in order to mirror the human experience of self-actualization as Lily reaches a sense of closure, further validating Woolfs portrayal of time. Because this closure comes only once Lily has accepted the inevitableness of the ephemerality and transience of a mortal life, it is indisputab le that Woolfs aim is to didactically demonstrate the downfalls of an obsession with the future and a refusal to accept the temporary nature of ones time on earth. This conclusion to the novel reinforces the significance of this fascination-fundamentally, Woolf posits that without recognizing the aspects of life that are truly important, humanity will not be able to reach the same self-actualization that Lily is able to accomplish. Woolf essentially wishes to persuade her audience that embracing the synchronic dimension of time (Gemmill 5) and leading a life focused on the present rather than the future is the most meaningful manner in which to spend a lifetime. By meticulously illustrating the human experience of relativity and the progression of time through the approach of a two-dimensional interplay, Virginia Woolf is able to point out a key fault in modern society. Her emphasis on societys fixation with the future and straying from a carpe diem lifestyle illuminates a potentially dangerous characteristic of that which humanity is becoming. Essentially, To the Lighthouse reveals that societys path towards living without being able to appreciate the significance and importance of each and every moment in time is one which will ultimately lead to its downfall if not reversed.

Communication Barrier Essay

Communication is defined as â€Å"an exchange of information.† It involved the transmission of ideas and thoughts. To communicate means that you share with others your concepts, your thoughts and ideas. Most of our time is spent in this mutual relationship by either speaking or listening. This ability to communicate is what makes man the unique creature that he is, with the ability to control and dominate, to build and maintain. Communications is a big thing in America. It is said to be our most vital and largest industry. We are awed by man’s methods of communication. We find them complete in oral, written or visualized form. In spite of this, communication is a big problem in our lives. Because of human nature, certain barriers exist making the communication process either ineffective or impossible. At times we just do not get through to people. This often results in misunderstanding. Many splits in congregations are due to the communications problem. Brethren have trouble talking to each other, they become estranged and some become enemies. Much of this can be eliminated if we understand some of the barriers to our communication. In the discussion that follows, the principal barriers to communicating effectively in today’s working environment are identified, and proven techniques for coping with them are considered. The principal barriers to effective communication are: noise, poor feedback, selection of inappropriate media, a wrong mental attitude, insufficient or lack of attention to work selection, delay in message transmittal, physical separation of the sender and receiver, and lack of empathy or a good relationship between the sender and receiver. Let’s now give four examples of communication barriers and the solution of each one as well. There are many communication barriers that come up during the communication process. First, there are physical distractions that interfere with the effectiveness of a communication attempt. For example, I work at a hardware store and I would be mixing paint for customer while another customer comes up to me and asks where something is located in the store. For this case, it can be many ways. You can ask someone else to attend to the customer, yet still be able to accomplish your job without losing the customer. If the first customer not around, you should attend to the other customer first and go back to your job. Second, we live in a â€Å"verbal† environment. Words constitute the most frequently used tool for communicating. Words usually facilitate communication; however, their careless, improper use in a given situation can create a communication barrier. Arthur Kudner, an advertising executive, once told his son: â€Å"All big things have little names such as life and death, peace and war, or dawn, day, night, hope, love, and home. Learn to use little words in a big way. It is hard to do, but they say what you mean. When you don’t know what you mean – use big words; they often fool little people.† The words we use should be selected carefully. Dr. Rudolph Flesch, a specialist in words and communication, suggests a way to break through the word barrier: use familiar words in place of the unfamiliar, use concrete words in place of the abstract, use short words in place of long and use single words in place of several. Unfortunately, almost every commonly used word has more than one meaning. Also words have regional meanings or derive new meanings as a result of the development of new industries or fields. The meaning conveyed by the sender’s words depends upon the experience and attitude of the receiver. Therefore, one way to penetrate the word barrier is for the sender to strive to speak or write in terms of the receiver’s experience and attitude. The better able he is to do this, the more successful the communication will be. Dr. S. E. Hayakawa, a U.S. Senator from California, expressed it very well when he said, â€Å"The meanings of words are not in the words; they are in us.† Third, the ability to empathize with someone else may not be easy. If you are to see things from another’s viewpoint, you have to put aside your own prejudices and preconceptions. The receiver may be of a different race,  creed, educational background, from a different section of the country, or have a different specialty or rank within the organization. Under these circumstances, the task of empathizing with the other member of the communication link is difficult. The task is further complicated if you believe that understanding another’s viewpoint may pose a threat to your own. To better communicate, we must try to see ourselves through the eyes of others in the communication link. By developing some empathy with the people to whom we will be directing messages, we might recognize the need to modify our messages from time to time before sending them. We should use easy word when we communicate with other people, let everyone understand easily. Not to ward, no technician word that people around the word will be able to follow. The last one, as manager, many communication barriers will turn out as well. Generally, managers make more frequent use of oral, rather than written, communication. However, the media one selects for communication in a particular situation should correlate with the feedback requirements. A communication failure or partial failure could occur if the media you select for transmittal of a message is inappropriate and necessary feedback is not received. Most simple messages can be transmitted orally – either in a face-to-face discussion, formal briefing, or meeting of the staff. More complex messages should be written in a directive, instruction, memorandum, or report. Very complex messages should be transmitted in both oral and written form. Repetition and review of an oral communication in written form can be a facilitating device. So the personal qualities of the manager should be a consideration in the selection. As manager, you should recognize your strengths and limitations. You should evaluate your successes and failures in communication and plan to use the media that best fits your style and qualities. From the above communication barriers and each of solution, we can observe that in today’s world, no matter what the communication barrier is, there is always to the solution over the barrier. It is just a matter of different  approach within you means and ability to execute the solution without losing any clients.

Kill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee, Fear, Gossip And...

Francis Jeffrey once said, â€Å"Opinions founded on prejudice are always sustained with the greatest violence.† This cannot be closer to the truth, especially in regard to the treatment of black people in the United States during their fight for equality in the 1900’s. To Kill a Mockingbird takes place in Maycomb, Alabama during the early 1900’s. The story is told from Scout’s point of view and follows the lives of her, Jem her brother, Atticus their father, and their friend Dill. Atticus is a lawyer and is defending a black man, Tom Robinson, against charges of beating and raping a white girl. Jem and Scout witness and are subject to prejudice on account of race, gender, and social class. In To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, fear, gossip and stereotyping play a major role in the creation of discrimination and unjust prejudice between people, but these same people seek out common ground with others despite differences which is often times found by crea ting a common enemy which is observed and developed throughout the story by the main character, Scout. The town s prejudice against the Radleys makes them subject to gossip all because when Arthur (Boo) Radley was younger he was charged with â€Å"disorderly conduct, disturbing the peace, assault and battery,† (Lee 12) then locked up inside their house, â€Å"to give no further trouble†, by Mr. Radley. Scout, Jem, and Dill use Maycomb’s talk of Boo to fabricate their game of the Radley s lives, â€Å"It was a melancholy little drama, wovenShow MoreRelated The Extent To kill a Mockingbird critiques the cultural values of Maycomb Society3208 Words   |  13 Pages‘To kill a Mockingbird’ is a strong reflection of Harper Lee, the author’s, upbringing. Having been raised in the small town of Alabama in the 1920’s she was frequently exposed to prejudice and this inspired her to write a book, her only to date, loosely based on her early day s. Tom Robinson’s trial, set in Maycomb County, is a parallel to the Scottsboro Trial, which was an infamous case during Lee’s childhood, where a ‘negro’ was accused of rape. However the emphasis is based more on the lawyerRead MoreThe United States Department Of Defense2228 Words   |  9 Pagesprinciple that â€Å"all people are created equal†, the Pentagon, a national headquarters, discriminated against its employees for their race. Despite being the country’s center for defense, it could not protect itself from stereotyping and prejudice. The novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, highlights the unjustness of discrimination by following the trial of a black man accused of raping a white woman. The story is told from the perspective of two children, Jean Louise (Scout) Finch and her brotherRead MoreThe Voice Of Prejudice By Nelson Mandela2024 Words   |  9 Pagesan internationally acclaimed figure in the fight against racism, d escribes this idea as, â€Å"No one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin, or his background, or his religion. People must learn to hate†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Harper Lee’s renowned novel To Kill a Mockingbird, a classic of American literature, explores a story of prejudice through the lives of some small town Southerners in the early 1930’s. The book is narrated by Jean Louise Finch, also known as Scout, a tomboy who prefers to solve

Company Law Problem Question - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1410 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Coursework Question Fred and Anne have been operating in partnership for several years, running a business that renovates flats for rental. Occasionally Fred, who is responsible for repairs, has failed to get urgent repairs carried out when they are notified by tenants. One of the tenants, Lisa, has announced that she intends to raise a legal action against Fred, Anne and the partnership on the ground that the floor of her living room was allowed to become rotten and she fell through it and injured her leg. Inspection confirms the floor is rotten, and Lisa has evidence that she notified this to Fred many months earlier. When Fred heard about this legal action, and in an effort to escape liability, he immediately gave notice to Anne that he wished to terminate the partnership. Anne says that the problem was Fred’s fault and she and the partnership are therefore not liable. Anne spends a lot of her time at social functions where she does a lot of networ king. Recently she heard about an opportunity to purchase a building for conversion to flats. Anne then immediately formed a private company, Cheap and Cheerful Ltd, with her husband as the sole shareholder and director, and without Anne saying anything to Fred, Cheap and Cheerful Ltd has now bought this building at a good price and renovated it and has let it at a good profit. Much later, Fred has found out about this and wishes to make a legal challenge. For his next venture, Fred is wondering whether a private limited company would be a safer business vehicle than a partnership, for a flat renovation business, and would welcome information on how to form such a company. Advise Fred and Anne on all the legal issues relating to the law of partnership and company law that arise in this question. Answer: Partnership according to the Partnership Act of 1890(S.1) is the relationship that subsists between the partners carrying out the business with the view of profit. Ã¢â‚¬Ë œA partnership arises when a number of individuals are in business together, rather than in an employer-employee relationship. The legislation governing partnerships is the Partnership Act 1890.’ (Rati Shah MBE, 2011) Here, we see that Fred and Anne have been engaged in a partnership for many years. They run a business of renovating flats to be given on rent to the people. Fred being the partner in the business would usually take up the responsibility to do the repairs in the rented flats, if any. But he failed to make the urgent repairs when notified by the tenants. Lisa, being one such tenant, said that she would file a case against Fred, Anne, and the Partnership for not fulfilling their responsibility of making the repairs on the floor of her house which was rotten and due to which she fell and injured herself. Fred sent a letter to Anne to terminate the partnership (because he didn’t want to face the liability all by himself). Anne clearly told that the fault l ies in the hands of Fred and that neither the partnership nor she herself can be held liable. Anne later started off a private company, Cheap and Cheerful Ltd. with her husband. Without informing Fred about the new company, Anne through Cheap and Cheerful Ltd has now bought this building at a good price and renovated it and has let it at a good profit. Fred wants to make a legal challenge against Anne. He is also confused as to which would be a safer form of business for his next venture. A partnership or a private limited company? Well, there are many differences between a partnership and a private limited company. A company has more complexity in its structure when compared to a partnership. More people are involved in the decision making process. The shareholders decide as to how they can manage and run the company. Where as in the partnership, the whole business including the liabilities and profits are shared among the two or more partners of the partnership firm and its structure is simple. In a partnership, the partners are held legally responsible for all the debts and liabilities of the firm. On the other hand, in a company, the shareholders are not held accountable for the company’s debts. The company is a separate legal entity. Thus it holds itself liable for all the legal fees and the shareholders of the company are not jeopardy of losing their assets. A company is an artificial person. This makes the company in a position to make legal actions for and against those making legal actions in favor of or otherwise of the company. While, partnership isn’t considered to be a legal person and the partners own the properties of the firm and will be held liable for all the actions undertaken by the firm. The liabilities of the shareholders in a company are limited only to the extent of the shares that he holds. While in the case of partnership, the partners liabilities in unlimited. That is the reason why the partners’ personal a ssets can be taken to pay off the liabilities and debts of the partnership firm. Insolvencies of the company do not make the members of the company insolvent. But in a partnership, if the firm is insolvent, the partners are also considered insolvent. Partnership has lesser formalities and is simple. Whereas, a company is more formal and complex. Like for example, when a company is to be dissolved, strict formal rules are to be heeded while in the case of a partnership, dissolution can take place even by mutual consent. There is a Board of Directors who is elected by the shareholders of the company. But in a partnership, it is different. The firm is looked after by one or a group or by all the partners of the firm. No election takes place. Perpetual succession is present in a company. This means that if a shareholder of a company passes away or is considered insolvent, the company doesn’t cease to exist. It continues. This is in contrast to a partnership firm where if a partne r dies or is considered insolvent, the partnership ends and there is no such perpetual succession. For a company to come into existence, it has to get registered with the Companies Act, 1956. But in a partnership, that isn’t necessary. In a company there must be a minimum of two members (in a private company) and seven members (in case of a public company). But in a partnership there is a need of only two partners. In a public company the maximum number of members can be infinite and in a private company, they can have not more than fifty members. Contrastingly, in a partnership, the maximum number of members is twenty in a trading firm and ten in a banking firm. A shareholder in a company can transfer his shares but a partner can’t transfer his part of the shares without the assent of the other partners of the firm. In a partnership, the profits can be distributed equally or in proportions decided by the partners but in a company, the profits are distributed on the ba sis of the articles provided by the directors. Auditing plays a vital role in a company. But it is not necessary in a partnership. One the basis of the above differences between a private limited company and a partnership, I would advice Fred that a private limited company would be safer to be established for his next venture. They can start their business as soon as they receive the Certificate of Incorporation. There is no requirement of a minimum capital. A private limited company needs only a single director even though more can be elected. But, it is not allowed to have its shares listed on the Stock Exchange. It has lesser obligatory official procedures. All these make a private limited company more advantageous than a partnership firm. Especially when it is a flat renovation business, the risks can be minimized as formalities are less and the liabilities are only to the extent of shares held by the member(s). Excellent identification of relevant facts, making assumptions where appropriate and application of relevant law, covering all legal issues. Excellent use of primary and secondary sources (primary: statutes, cases, secondary: textbooks, journal articles) Answer is well structured with a clear introduction and conclusion, and logical development of argument. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Company Law Problem Question" essay for you Create order